Justice Whats the Right Thing to Do

Introduction â€Å"Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do?† is a book that discusses the theory of justice and the diverse ways in which it is perceived by different people in the society. The author, Michael Sandel, tries to force the reader to look into the circumstances that happen in real life and allows them to make the decisions on the right thing to do.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sandel pushes his readers into tracking their personal moral obligations by laying a series of challenges based on everyday situations, which help them make the best resolutions on the right actions to take. In this essay, the first five chapters of the book are reviewed based on the main concepts. Chapter review In Chapter 1, titled â€Å"doing the right thing†, three cases are presented. Case one concern the laws prohibiting g auging of prices. Precisely, it refers to the price changes that came into effect subsequent to the Florida’s Hurricane Charley. As clarified by Sandel, the arguments in support to and in contrast to price-gauging laws are based on three concepts: well-being, liberty and virtue. He then discusses about who is eligible for the â€Å"Purple Heart†. In determining this, people need to know precisely which qualities are necessary to deserve this honor. The final case is regarding the latest bailout that came after the financial crisis. Specifically, he discusses about the feelings of different people towards the bonuses awarded to the executives of the companies involved. Even though some felt that the bonuses were justified, most individuals thought it was unfair primarily because they compensated failure rather than success. The author describes three conceptions of justice that aids in understanding how decisions are made and he discusses them all through the book. Util itarianism, also described as capitalization on welfare, is the first conception. This is followed by another conception regarding liberty and personal rights. The last conception discusses the idea that justice is associated with virtue and a decent life in general. Before recounting the various concepts of justice, Sandel also discusses what are described as the moral dilemmas. These can be clarified by applying ethics in the reasoning process, which directs every individual in different ways dependent on their characters and the manner in which they deliberate and justify their decisions. In this case, clashes may result from partial reasoning or contradictory moral obligations.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Chapter two, labeled â€Å"The Greatest Happiness Principle or Utilitarianism†, deliberates over the idea of utilitarianism by relating two various attitudes. First is the idea of Jeremy Bentham. The idea concentrates on getting maximum pleasure and lessening pain so as to make the most out of the overall utility. In this notion, the rights of a person may be disregarded, like in the incident of torture. The idea of John Stuart Mill presents the second concept of utilitarianism. According to Mill, people are at liberty in doing whatever they need to as long as it does not cause any damage to others. In addition, he is argues that there are superior and inferior pleasures (Sandel, 2010). Chapter three, â€Å"Do We Own Ourselves or Libertarianism†, argues that there should be minimal supervision and every individual should have the freedom of choosing the right action to take in different situations. According Sandel, libertarians are against authoritarianism, moral regulation and redeployment of income. For instance, libertarianism opponents claim that tax system is necessary since everybody needs to contribute towards the welfare of the society. Similarly, they argue that wealthy persons need to give back part of their riches since it was generated by the society. The author then deliberates on the implications associated with purchasing and retailing of organs. Sandel then reflects on the market and moralities and ways in which an open market may be founded on either sovereignty or wellbeing. In chapter four, â€Å"markets and morals†, Sandel talks about the morals of forfeiting persons to do various kinds of work, like fighting in wars and giving birth to children. The debate is whether there is need for market, where currency is involved, to the feature of morals. The best example presented by the author in this section is â€Å"remuneration for pregnancy†. Deliberating through the moralities and injustices in this instance aids in clarifying the variations amongst the leading philosophies of justice. In his opinion, it is not necessary for an individual to demand pay for certain services be cause of morals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Chapter five, â€Å"What Matters is the Motive†, the author draws the attention of the reader towards understanding why motive is necessary. He does this by explaining the idea of Kant. He argues that morality concerns with respect to people, regardless of who they are. This involves doing the correct thing simply because it is right. Sandel then argues for the idea of egalitarianism based on the perception of John Rawls. Similarly, he clarifies how it is different from the concept of libertarianism and utilitarianism. According to Rawl, people need fairness with regard to fundamental freedoms and societal and financial life. Reference Sandel, M. J. (2010). Justice: What’s the right thing to do?. London: Penguin Books. This essay on Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do? was written and submitted by user Lexie Pate to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Godfather - Hospital Scene essays

The Godfather - Hospital Scene essays The Godfather: Hospital Scene Analysis I was particulary interested in the scene where Vito Corleone has recently been severely shot and hospitalized and is at a local hospital for recuperation. The scene caught my eyes in several different ways including: the lighting, music, use of set, point of view of camera, low angle shots, and extreme angle shots. The scene starts out with Michael Corleone getting out of a taxi at the hospital steps. The shot is perhaps ironic in that there seems to be foreboding music playing with a tall, dark, castle-like hospital, but there are Christmas lights. Christmas is supposed to be a time of joy and peace, but in this scene there is no peace, nor joy. Upon entering the hospital it is empty and foreboding, with extreme long shots of empty hallways, all the while intense, ominous music is playing on the movie. Michael encounters no one, just a skipping record player and a half-eaten sandwich. His mood seems to quicken as he senses that his father is in danger and the music quickens, and Michael starts to run. He knows enough that he feels something is wrong and that something bad has happened or will happen soon. Upon reaching his fathers room we see the two chairs of the guards who were supposed to be there empty. His father is safe, but we here some ironic news from the nurse telling about why the guards are not there, They were interfering with hospital service. This is ironic because the hospital seems completely empty and because the police dismissed them, and they would know how much danger Vito Corleone is in. This is the point in the movie where we see Michael Corleone come into his own, and fall into his fate to be the head of the Corleone Family. He is pushed by situations into this role where he must take charge to save his love ones, and he definitely shows that he is more than capable of it. He takes charge and pushes his fathers ...

How to Use the Spanish Verb Faltar to Indicate Absence or Lack

How to Use the Spanish Verb Faltar to Indicate Absence or Lack Faltar carries with it the idea of lacking. But it is used in a variety of ways where to lack isnt the best translation. Here are some of its most common uses. Fast Facts Faltar typically is used to state that something is missing, lacking, nonexistent, or not available.An indirect object can be used to indicate who is affected by the lack or absence.Faltar is used much more flexibly than lack and other English equivalents, so a wide variety of translations is possible depending on the context. Faltar to Indicate Absence or Nonexistence Possible translations of faltar include to be absent and to be missing as well as a simple statement of nonexistence: A la reunià ³n faltaron los representantes de Ecuador. (The representatives of Ecuador were absent from the meeting. The representatives of Ecuador were not at the meeting.)La mujer faltaba de su hogar desde hace cuatro dà ­as y era buscada intensamente por sus familiares. (The woman was missing from her home since four days ago and was intensively searched for by her relatives.)El martes de la semana pasada, Sabrina faltà ³ a la escuela sin avisar a sus padres. (On Tuesday of last week, Sabrina missed school without telling her parents.) Faltar With Indirect Pronouns In many situations, faltar is used with an indirect-object pronoun to state who or what is affected by the lack or absence of something. In this usage, faltar functions much like gustar. The indirect-object pronoun is in boldface in the following examples. Although lack can almost always be used in translation, other possibilities include need, to be short and so on. As is the case with gustar, the noun represented by the indirect-object pronoun often serves as the subject of the sentence in translation. A esta receta le falta un ingrediente principal. (This recipe lacks a main ingredient.)Nos faltan dos personas para reservar el cuarto de hotel. (We need two more people to reserve the hotel room.)A este pobre le falta una pierna. (This poor man is missing a leg.)Sà ³lo me falta el telà ©fono. (Im missing only my telephone. I have everything I need except for my telephone.) ¿Cuntos puntos me faltan para llegar al nivel segundo? (How many points do I need to arrive at the second level?)Te falta estudiarlo un poco ms. (You need to study it a little more.)Hay 10 secretos que te faltarn saber de Guatemala. (There are 10 secrets you will need to know about Guatemala.)Me falta agua en el radiador. (I need water in the radiator.) Faltar to Indicate What Remains Somewhat paradoxically for English speakers, faltar is often used to indicate what remains in anticipation of an event or situation. The construction used in these instances typically is optional pronoun faltar what remains para the goal. Faltan cinco dà ­as para Navidad. (Five days remain until Christmas. There are five days to go until Christmas.)Faltaban dos segundos para terminar el juego. (There were two seconds to go to end the game.)Te faltan 100 pesos para comprarlo. (You need 100 pesos more to buy it.)A à ©l le faltaban tres horas para la medianoche. (He had three hours remaining until midnight.) Faltar A to Indicate Lack of Heed The phrase faltar a can be used to indicate the lack of attention or respect to the object of the preposition a. Es una promesa,  ¡y nunca falto a mis promesas! (Thats a promise, and I never break my promises!)Es tonto pensar que ella faltarà ­a a un evento como ese. (Its silly to think that she would not attend an event such as that.)La escritora jams faltaba a las reuniones de lunes. (The writer never missed the Monday meetings.) Expressions Using Faltar Expressions and phrases that use faltar include: Faltar al respeto, to be disrespectful. ¡Lo que faltaba! Its all I needed! ¡No faltarà ­a ms! Of course! Obviously! Dont mention it!Faltar a la verdad, to be dishonest.Faltar tiempo, to be short of time. Conjugation of Faltar Faltar is conjugated regularly, following the pattern of hablar. Etymology of Faltar As you might have guessed, is etymologically related to the English word fault. Both fault and faltar come from the Latin verb fallere, which meant to deceive or disappoint. Other Spanish words derived from fallere include fallar (to fail or disappoint), falla (defect), and falso (false). Related English words include fail, failure, and false.

NCLB in your School Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

NCLB in your School - Coursework Example Effectively, the Act requires the development of basic skills assessments, critical towards receiving federal education funding (CQ Press, 2005).This is in addition to continuously giving these assessments to all students at various select grade levels, with each state developing individual standards. The utility of Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) standardized examinations is viewed as a pertinent requirement of all states in the U.S. This is aimed at achieving the critical purpose of NCLB that entails having all American students achieve proficiency in mathematics and reading by the year 2014. Accordingly, as founded under pertinent legislation, individual states are tasked with the setting of their individual standards, which students in public schools need to achieve. Through measurement of such student progress, states are thereafter able to solicit for federal funding, based on achievement of set standards (CQ Press, 2005). The requirement that all schools need to publish scores attained for the public to view enables parents to decide on the best education avenues through which their children can progress through. In case of contexts where schools continuously fail to meet these standards, pertinent measures are taken towards improving the schooling system present. These include utility of summer schooling and tutoring programs, or overall system restructuring if need be (New America Foundation, 2014). The AYP standardized examinations are critical towards measurement of individual and student-group progress. According to New America Foundation (2014), this is in reference to proficiency in mathematics and reading, which is essential in qualifying students for advancement to higher levels of learning. Critically so, these examinations are unique to individual states, given that there exists no national achievement standards. The NCLB Act expands federal role-play in public education

Teen Pregnancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Teen Pregnancy - Essay Example Many factors contribute to teenage pregnancy, which include, advance in technology, poverty, drug abuse and among others. Today’s society is not the same as the past society due to advancement in technology. Nonetheless, technology has come with negative effects, especially to teenagers. Moreover, parents do not have control of what piece of information reaches their children. Therefore, this implies teenagers log in to pornographic sites and as a result, they practice what they see. It is important to pass teenage education to every adolescent to avoid irresponsible behavior. Teenage education not only affects teenagers, but also the whole society. Furthermore, teenage mothers are likely to come from poor background. However, this does not mean that poverty leads to teenage pregnancy (Shaw & Lawlor, 2007, p.312). Lack of basic needs may force teenage girls to engage in premarital sex to provide for her family. In addition, families from poor backgrounds may not be able to provide school fees for their teenage girl. That being the case, the teenage girl ends up engaging in impulsive behavior. Pa rents to such girls should establish a good relationship; teach them basic education according to what they have experienced, since this develops her self-esteem. In relevance to Shaw and Lawlor (2007), society and culture influence the rate of recorded pregnancy. Social background greatly affects the behavior of a girl. Therefore, individuals included in the social background of a teenager have a duty to mold a girl’s behavior. Additionally, education is the key concern when it comes to eradicate teenage pregnancy. Education assists teenagers when making decision. However, the school has to decide the right time to teach teenagers about sex

APA guidelines Essay Example for Free

APA guidelines Essay Term Definition Resource you used Time value of money Money has a Time Value. This basic idea a dollar received today, other things being the same, is worth more than a dollar received a year from now underlies many financial decisions faced in Business (TItman, Keown, Martin, 2014, P. 172). TItman, S., Keown, A., Martin, J. (2014). Financial Management: Principles and Applications (12th ed.). : Prentice Hall Efficient market A market in which prices quickly respond to the announcement of new information. Efficient markets describes the extent to which information is incorporated into security prices. In an efficient market, security prices reflect all available information at all times; and, because of this, it is impossible for an investor to consistently earn high rates of return without taking substantial risk (TItman, Keown, Martin, 2014, P.210). TItman, S., Keown, A., Martin, J. (2014). Financial Management: Principles and Applications (12th ed.). : Prentice Hall Primary versus secondary market A primary market is a market in  which new, as opposed to previously issued, securities are bought and sold for the first time. In this market, firms issue new securities to raise money that they can then use to help finance their businesses. The key feature of the primary market is that the firms selling securities actually receive the money raised. The secondary market is where all subsequent trading of previously issued securities takes place. In this market the issuing firm does not receive any new financing, as the securities it has  sold are simply being transferred from one investor to another. The principal benefit of the secondary market for the shareholders of firms that sell their securities to the public is liquidity(TItman, Keown, Martin, 2014, P.25). TItman, S., Keown, A., Martin, J. (2014). Financial Management: Principles and Applications (12th ed.). : Prentice Hall Risk-return tradeoff  tells us that we will expect to receive higher returns for assuming more risk (even though there is no guarantee we will get what we expect). However, the risk–return tradeoff that investors face is not based on realized rates of return; it is instead based on what the investor expects to earn on an investment in the future (TItman, Keown, Martin, 2014, P.193). TItman, S., Keown, A., Martin, J. (2014). Financial Management: Principles and Applications (12th ed.). : Prentice Hall Agency (principal and agent problems) The conflict of interest between the firm’s managers and its stockholders is called a principal-agent problem, or agency problem, in which the firm’s common stockholders, the owners of the firm, are the principals in the relationship, and the managers act as â€Å"agents† to these owners (TItman, Keown, Martin, 2014, P. 13) TItman, S., Keown, A., Martin, J. (2014). Financial Management: Principles and Applications (12th ed.). : Prentice Hall Market information and security prices and information asymmetry A situation in which one party in a transaction has more or superior information compared to another. This often happens in transactions where the seller knows more than the buyer, although the reverse can happen as well. Potentially, this could be a harmful situation because one party can take advantage of the other partys lack of knowledge (Investopedia, 2015). Investopedia. (2015). Asymmetric Information. Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asymmetricinformation.asp Agile and lean principles Agile refers to an adaptive, incremental approach to solutions development,  with strong emphasis on delivering value. In contrast, Lean respresents a widely adopted approach to continuous improvement, designed to improve performance by removing barriers which disrupt workflow in existing systems. Both Agile and Lean are particularly attractive and suited to finance sector enviroments where business requirements change frequently and recation time is critical (Agile And Lean In Finance, 2011) Agile and Lean in Finance. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.dbconsulting.co.uk/agile-and-lean-in-finance-22-september/ Return on investment Return on investment, or ROI, is the most common profitability ratio. There are several ways to determine ROI, but the most frequently used method is to divide net profit by total assets. So if your net profit is $100,000 and your total assets are $300,000, your ROI would be .33 or 33 percent. Return on investment isnt necessarily the same as profit. ROI deals with the money you invest in the company and the return you realize on that money based on the net profit of the business (Entrepreneur Media, Inc., 2014). Entrepreneur Media, Inc.. (2014). Return on Investment ROI. Retrieved from http://www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/return-on-investment-roi Cash flow and a source of value In investments, cash flow represents earnings before depreciation, amortization, and non-cash charges. Sometimes called cash earnings. The maount of net cash generated by an investment or a business durning a specific period. Once measure of cash flow is earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (The Free Dictionary, 2015). The Free Dictionary. (2015). Cash flow. Retrieved from http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cash+flow Project management The planning and organization of an organizations resources in order to move a specific task, event or duty toward completion. Project management typically involves a one-time project rather than an ongoing activity, and resources managed include both human and financial capital. A project manager will help define the goals and objectives of the project, determine when the various project components are to be completed (Project Management, 2015). Project Management. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/project-management.asp Outsourcing and offshoring Outsourcing refers to an organization contracting work out to a 3rd party, while offshoring refers to getting work done in a different country, usually to leverage cost advantages. Its possible to outsource work but not offshore it; for example, hiring an outside law firm to review contracts instead of maintaining an in-house staff of lawyers. It is also possible to offshore work but not outsource it; for example, a Dell customer service center in India to serve American clients. Offshore outsourcing is the practice of hiring a vendor to do the work offshore, usually to lower costs and take advantage of the vendors expertise, economies of scale, and large and scalable labor pool (Offshoring Vs. Outsourcing, 2014). Offshoring vs. Outsourcing. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.diffen.com/difference/Offshoring_vs_Outsourcing Inventory turnover A measure of how often the company sells and replaces its inventory. It is the ratio of annual cost of sales to the latest inventory. One can also interpret the ratio as the time to which inventory is held. For example a ratio of 26 implies that inventory is held, on average, for two weeks (365 days in a year divided by inventory turnover ratio of 26 equals 14 days pr 2 weeks average inventory holding period). It is best to use this ratio to compare companies within an industry (high turnover is a good sign) because there are huge differences in this ratio across industries (The Free Dictionary, 2013-2015). The Free Dictionary. (2013-2015). Inventory turnover. Retrieved from http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Inventory+Turnover Just-in-time inventory (JIT) A supply chain management system designed to reduce carrying costs to a minimum. A firm only orders what it expects for its immediate needs; therefore, it keeps a lowinventory. For example, if a retailer believes it  will sell 1,000 widgets in a week, it orders precisely 1,000 widgets from its manufacturer. JIT systems require that the retailer at the end of the supply chain can accurately predict demand for its products. They also require that each stage of the supply chain knows exactly how much time it takes to fill an order when it is made. The automotive industry and budget retailers commonly use JIT systems (The Free Dictionary, 2012-2015). The Free Dictionary. (2012-2015). Just In Time. Retrieved from http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Just-in-Time+Inventory+System Vender managed inventory (VMI) A means of optimizing Supply Chain performance in which the manufacturer is responsible for maintaining the distributor’s inventory levels. The manufacturer has access to the distributor’s inventory data and is responsible for generating purchase orders. To further define it, let’s look at 2 business models (Vendor Managed Inventory, 2015). Vendor Managed Inventory. (2015). Definition of Vendor Managed Inventory. Retrieved from http://www.vendormanagedinventory.com/definition.php Forecasting and demand management The use of historic data to determine the direction of future trends. Forecasting is used by companies to determine how to allocate their budgets for an upcoming period of time (Investopedia, 2015). Demand Management: Macroeconomics: Use of monetary and fiscal policies to influence the aggregate demand for goods or services in an economy. During periods of high unemployment, governments attempts to stimulate damand, and hence, production and employment and during periords of high inflation or balance fo payment problems to curb it ( Business Dictionary, 2015). Investopedia. (2015). Forecasting . Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/forecasting.asp Business Dictionary. (2015). Demand Management. Retrieved from http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/demand-management.html

Sex Who Needs It :: essays papers

Sex Who Needs It I've found the past couple of years to be an eye opener in the world of sexual experiences. I'm not necessarily referring to my own experiences, but those of society in general. There was a time when more smart-conscious decisions were made relating to sexual relationships. But times have changed. The pillars that hold up our individual sexual values have started to crumble. No longer can we create our own standards without feeling ostracized by the society that forms the standards for us. With influences coming from the media, infatuated hormones and opinionated peers, teenagers today have turned the act of love making into a whimsical joyride. The difference between making love and having sex is miles apart. To make love, the partners involved use their hearts more so than their parts. To have sex, the partners use their parts more so than their hearts. The key to this Dr. Seuss rhyme lies in the selected noun that the partners use in their actions. Since hormones and feelings (hearts) both exist on a different level, saying that they are the same would be to take away all the feeling, emotion and love involved in love making. Teens are letting their hormones control their sexual decisions by giving in to the pure pleasure of sex. To make up for their lack of solid reasoning behind their acts, they try to rationalize their choices. The justification that many couples come up with for having sex is love. I can't help but wonder how many couples would actually stay together if their relationship existed without sex. Friends and peers are a big pressure factor when deciding weather or not to have sex. As seen in many after school specials, the popular "C'mon, everybody is doing it," isn't far off the mark. Just knowing that three or four other couples in a social group are having sex can sway a couple to give in and start hitting their own home runs on their sexual playing field. With each new couple having sex, the pressure current becomes stronger and stronger, especially for those couples not sexually active. At this point many couples get swept in the flow of the current and just go with it; they do the nasty. Once they've committed themselves to having sex, it's very hard to stop. The couple might find out that they aren't ready for this big step in their relationship, but to stop having sex would mean to lose face with friends! Well, do you think that

Pompei and Herculaneum Religious Archaeology

Being one of the most fascinating and cataclysmic events in Ancient Rome, The violent eruption of Mount Vesuvius ultimately destroyed a set of unique and culturally significant societies from Rome. With Pompeii and Herculaneum’s unique culture came their widely influenced and varied religion. Religion of which had no one following, one god or one origin. Both societies housed many cults and religions, many of which were adopted by citizens after foreign influences, significantly from the Hellenic civilizations. Pompeii was evidently a wealthy aristocratic city, as demonstrated by the abundance of valuables located along the remains of dead Pompeians. Golden coins, jewelry and lavish houses adorned with frescoes were extracted from Pompeii at the time of finding, as the volcanic debris preserved much of the city. This is not to say that Pompeii also housed many middle and lower class citizens, slaves being an integral part of the city-town. Much of these influences manifested itself in the form of temples, epigraphy and burial practices and are examples of how much and how many forms of religious impact were seen throughout the city. Seeing how these religions surfaced in Pompeii and Herculaneum can help uncover how these distinct cults and practices impacted the societies. Being one of the most prominent and distinct examples of influence in religion in both societies, the temple of Isis housed a large and devout cult all around the Roman Empire, but very much so in Pompeii and Herculaneum. Being of Egyptian origin, the god Isis was a significant part of both cities, the temple in subject adorned with mosaics of Roman and Egyptian gods, with the god Hermes carved onto the purgatorium. This demonstrates to us that the Cult of Isis did not in a way, interfere with the practices or other religions, but rather integrated into. Isis herself was represented in large of lower classmen, commoners as well as slaves and women. As such, having a large slave and tradesman population, meant that Isis was a popular cult and goddess towards the people. The courtyard itself contained a multitude of chambers and buildings, one of which led to a cistern that held water from the rive Nile. This shows us not only of their devotion to Isis, but it is also evidence of ritual and cult practice. As the Temple was kept intact so well, much of the architecture and detail in regards to the walls and columns tells that the city had strong Egyptian influence, as well as showing us how important Isis and Egyptian religious worship was to them. Such importance in that an Egyptian Temple was built in a Roman city, further enhancing the notion that Egypt had large impact onto Pompeii and Herculaneum. Plutarch stated that the Egyptians were indeed of a very pious nature, but they were not the only cult to call Pompeii its home. The cult of Dionysus, another large following in Pompeii and Herculaneum, was to honor the titular god, Dionysus. Being the god of Wine and festivities, the higher class individuals may have seen the cult as a representation of themselves, demonstrating how it catered to the aristocrats’ own lifestyle, similar to how Isis represented the poor and working class individuals. Dionysus was of Greek mythology, showing us the influence of the Greeks, but it very much resembled Bacchus, the Roman god of similar representation. Dionysus was somewhat worshipped in the Villa of the Mysteries, in which Romans would accommodate its interior. The Villa was a meeting place and a home to many patrons in Pompeii, lined with ornate and detailed frescoes, largely intact. The frescoes depict a multitude of activities and practices, such as rites of passage, leisurely activities such as dancing and instrument playing, as well as featuring Dionysus himself. This was likely some of the many practices that the cult delved in during the villa. It is also interesting to note that the exterior of the villa was closed off and although a large part of the city, it is situated in the northwest of the city, away from the general populace and larger landmarks. In addition to that, much of the rituals and events took place at night and in secrecy, specifically the rites of passage. One could assume that although the worship of either Bacchus or Dionysus was prevalent, the practices and activities that were partaken, especially at night were something to be discrete about. Such a source is useful to us as the Villa’s Dionysus worship is backed by the fact that the Villa and its practices and rituals were placed so far away from other prominent buildings and individuals. Other figures were also incorporated into housing and residences as well, one of them being the Lares. Lares were guardian figures in Roman Mythology and were widely impacted throughout Pompeii and Herculaneum. Many of our references to the Lares are shown in the form of mosaics and statues, particularly around Roman residence. Lares were seen to be protectors, which explains their use around the city. One such residence, the Villa of the Vettii, houses a particular mosaic of two Lares, assumed to be sacrificing another individual, with a snake under them, representing prosperity. Not only this, but Lare statues were placed all around the house and for many other everyday occasions, such as funerals, banquets and births. Cicerobelieved that â€Å"The mose sacred and hallowed place on earth is the home of each and every citizen†, the citizens of Pompeii rightly believing so. One could deduce that the citizens believed that the Lares were directly related to the city’s well-being and that they demanded sacrifices in order to achieve it. In addition to this, the fact that these deities were so widespread and common throughout both Herculaneum and Pompeii, in addition to much of the rest of Rome, shows its usefulness in identifying that the Lares were seen as a very significant and integral part of everyday life. Another significant religious practice in both societies was the use of tombs and burials. The ruins of Pompeii and Herculaneum are scattered with the tombs and burial sites of dead citizens, mostly of aristocratic descent around the gates and leading to the city. The graves collectively formed the Necropolis and are scattered with statues and inscriptions of different gods and followings. This shows us how diverse the religious demographic was in Pompeii and Herculaneum. Many tombs also contained valuables along with their owner’s remains. Things such as jewelry and weapons were found during excavation, detailing that these individuals had possibly believed in an afterlife with the items that they were buried with. It is also interesting to note that Hellenic and Gallic civilizations adopted this practice earlier on, possibly concluding that there could have been Northern and definite Greek influence in Pompeii. It is also a point to make that these tombs were built around the gates of Pompeii and Herculaneum, a place of high traffic. Citizens could then be speculated that they may have treated the idea of death much more positively and more conventionally than how the modern world handles it, the latter in question usually designating graveyards near places of little significance or at least, certainly not of high traffic. The Necropolis in question of its usefulness is very much a key part in understanding the belief of death, its practices in burial and the afterlife as it was and still is, the resting place of thousands of people, all of them, believing that the Necropolis was a distinguished, significant place of burial and where they wished to be encapsulated, many of them bearing and displaying their Religious affinity in either the form of epigraphy or an idol or shrine near their tomb.

How to Make Camias Prunes and Soap Essay

Procedure: To make candied kamias, begin by sorting fruits according to size and eliminating the spoiled or damaged ones. 1. Weigh and wash the fruits.  2. Soak them overnight in lime solution (one tablespoon lime per one liter of water). This process will firm up the fruits. Again, wash thoroughly in running water to remove lime. 3. Blanch fruits in boiling water for three to five minutes and drain. 4. Prick the bottom part of kamias with a fine toothpick and press each fruit lightly to remove some of the fruit juice. 5. Prepare syrup (2 parts sugar to one part water), boil it and strain. 6. Add the kamias to the syrup and boil them for five minutes and soak overnight. 7. Remove the fruits and add one cup sugar to the syrup and boil. Then add kamias again and heat for five minutes. 8. Soak the fruits overnight. 9. The following day, remove fruits and add some more sugar to the syrup. Then, add kamias again and boil for five minutes. 10. Allow to cool; drain and weigh. 11. Arrange kamias on a tray and dry in the solar dryer. 12. After drying, weigh again and pack in plastic bags and seal. Materials: * 1 glass Caustic Soda (NaOH) * 3 glasses water * 5 glasses cooking oil * 1/2 glass juice or extract Procedure: 1. Prepare the materials and the utensils needed. 2. Measure 1 glass of caustic soda and 3 glasses of water and pour into a plastic pail. 3. Mix well by stirring continuously using a wooden ladle or bamboo stick. Use only one direction in mixing the mixture. Stir until the caustic soda is dissolved. 4. Pour 5 glasses cooking oil into the mixture. 5. Continue stirring until a consistency of a condensed milk is achieved and add 1/2 glass of juice or extract. 6. Pour the soap mixture into desired plastic molders. Set aside and let it cool to harden. 7. After 4-5 hours,  remove the soap from the molder. 8. Allow 30 days of ageing before packing. Label the soaps. Indications: * Kamias – fruit extract or juice (bleaching soap) * Calamansi – fruit extract or juice (bleaching soap) * Cucumber – fruit extract or juice (moisturizer) * Papaya – extract from fresh leaves (bleaching/moisturizer) * Radish – extract from the stem (moisturizer) Reminder: * Caustic Soda can harm the skin upon contact. Wash immediately with vinegar or anything sour and then wash it with soap and water. * Caustic Soda is harmful to health and so, make the necessary precaution. Use mask and gloves to protect your body. Directions 1. In a wide bowl, crush strawberries in batches until you have 4 cups of mashed berry. In a heavy bottomed saucepan, mix together the strawberries, sugar, and lemon juice. Stir over low heat until the sugar is dissolved. Increase heat to high, and bring the mixture to a full rolling boil. Boil, stirring often, until the mixture reaches 220 degrees F (105 degrees C). Transfer to hot sterile jars, leaving 1/4 to 1/2 inch headspace, and seal. Process in a water bath. If the jam is going to be eaten right away, don’t bother with processing, and just refrigerate. 2. To test for jelling Place three plates in a freezer†¦ after about 10 minutes of boiling place a tsp of the liquid of the jam onto the cold plate. Return to freezer for a minute. Run your finger through the jam on the plate†¦ if it doesn’t try to run back together (if you can make a line through it with your finger) it’s ready to be canned!

Should America Abolish the Federal Reserve System Essay Example

Should America Abolish the Federal Reserve System Essay Example Should America Abolish the Federal Reserve System Essay Should America Abolish the Federal Reserve System Essay Should the United States Abolish the Federal Reserve System? The Federal Reserve System was instituted on December 23rd, 1913 by an act of Congress and serves as the central bank of the United States (â€Å"Federal Reserve System†). It is made up of twelve Reserve Banks with its headquarters in Washington D. C. The Board of Governors consists of seven members and two of them are designated and confirmed Chairman and Vice Chairman. The Chairman and Vice Chairman serve for four year terms while the other members serve fourteen year terms (The Structure of the Federal Reserve System). The responsibility of the Federal Reserve System is to conduct the nations monetary policy, supervise and regulate banking institutions, maintain the stability of the financial system and provide financial services to depository institutions, the U. S. government, and foreign official institutions (Bachman, Jess). Henry Ford once said, â€Å"It is well enough that the people of the nation do not understand our banking and monetary system, for if they did, I believe there would be revolution before tomorrow morning. (Conspiracies of the Federal Reserve†¦. † There are but a few persons who truly know about the Federal Reserve System. What people must realize is that the Federal Reserve System virtually controls the monetary system of the United States, yet it is accountable to no one. It has no budget, it is subject to no audit and no Congressional Committee knows of, or can truly supervise its operations. Therefore, the United States of America should abolish the Federal R eserve System simply because it lacks transparency, it caters to the rich and wealthy of the nation instead of the poor and middle class and it is not a government institution or a bank. If this is the case then why should a private institution be in control of the government funds and why should an institution that is not a bank serve as the central bank of a nation? There are many who question the Federal Reserve and why it is not transparent like other central banks in developed countries and also whether or not this lack of transparency will affect the economy. For many years the Federal Reserve has explicitly defended secrecy and opposed full disclosure. They believe that fuller disclosure will promote unnecessary volatility in financial markets, benefit certain speculators and interfere with the execution of money policy(Bachman, Jess). The fact is that secrecy of the monetary policy will increase financial market uncertainty, unvolatility, and larger uncertainty premiums in interest rates. According to the President of the Federal Reserve Bank in Kansas City, a potential solution to the problem of lack of transparency is â€Å"advancing how they use the minutes†(Grurdman, Don J. . He believes that forcing the Federal Reserve System to be more honest and open when crisis occur, allowing them to be questioned on the economic policy and giving wide publicity to their decisions will help bankers and investors make wise and safe decisions that can help the market to grow, but since the Federal Reserve was created it has always operated in the shadows, without sufficient scrutiny or oversight of its operations. In one instance, the Federal Reserve can enter into agreements with foreign central banks and foreign government yet the Government Accountability Office is prohibited from auditing or even seeing these agreements(Conspiracies of the Federal†¦. ). If the Federal Reserve System cannot operate in openness then why should it be in operation? The Federal Reserve was always in favour of the rich of the country. There are three financial forces that keep the poor and middle class working hard and struggling financially. These forces are taxes, debt and inflation and retirement (Kiyosaki, Robert T. ). It is important to understand that these forces are kept alive by the Federal Reserve System’s license to print money. America was basically tax-free in the early days. In 1862 the first income tax was used to pay for the Civil War. In 1895, the Supreme Court ruled that income tax was unconstitutional but however, in 1913 when the Federal Reserve System was created, income tax was made permanent. By this the rich could put their hands in the people’s pockets via taxes permanently. Also, inflation which is caused by the Federal Reserve printing money to pay the government’s bills makes the cost of living very expensive for the poor and middle class but the rich get richer since they are the ones who own the big businesses. Additionally, in 1974 the U. S. Congress passed the ERISA and this forced Americans to invest in the stock market for their retirement through mediums such as 401(k). Such investments normally have high fees, high risks and low returns. Because of this, today many people do not have enough money to retire because they have lost all their wealth in the stock market crash (Kiyoskai, Robet T. ). When we look at the relationship between the Federal Reserve and the three forces we can indeed conclude that the poor and middle class have not been served justice. If the Federal Reserve System is one that is biased and caters to only one class in the American society then it should without a doubt be abloished. Thomas Jefferson, declared, If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issue of their money, first by inflation and then by deflation, the banks and corporations that will grow up around them, will deprive the people of their property until their children will wake up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered†(Supinski, Ron). From the beginning it was persons like Thomas Jefferson who knew that the idea of allowing private banks to control the nation’s funds would not to be beneficial to the American society and this is why the Federal Reserve System should be abolished. It is a privately owned bank. In the Federal Reserve decisions do not have to be ratified by the President or anyone else in the executive or legislative branch of government (Brown, Ellen). The shareholders of the Federal Reserve are private banks. In fact 100% of its shareholders are private banks and none is owned by the government (Brown, Ellen). By law, ownership of a certain amount of stock is a condition of membership so if the government is not a member of this institution, why is it in charge of the nation’s monetary system? Shouldn’t this be one aspect the government should have the ultimate say in? In the case of John L. Lewis/Appellant vs. The United States of America/Apellee, it was held: It is clear from this that in some circumstances, the Federal Reserve Bank can be considered a government instrumentality, but cannot be considered a federal agency, because the term carries with it the assumption that the federal government has direct oversight over what the Fed does. Of course it does not, because most people who know about this subject know that the Fed is politically independent. (Court Rules Federal Reserve is Privately Owned) Because of this ruling, the United States government was not entitled to pay John Lewis for the injuries he received from an accident that involved a vehicle belonging to the Federal Reserve. It is quite evident now that the Federal is indeed a private institution and because of this it should not control the United States’ monetary system and it should be abolished. Up to this present day many Americans still argue that it was the Federal Reserve System that saved the United States from the Panic of 1907. It was believed that the United States unlike European states was vulnerable without a central bank and if the Federal Reserve hadn’t come along to extend the supply of money during periods of low cash reserves, the country was going to undergo the most severe and far reaching money panic in its history. Sadly, the Federal Reserve still failed in preventing the even worse bank failures in the Great Depression. What Americans must understand is that the Panic of 1907 was not caused because the United States did not have a central bank. The main cause of the crash was stock market and real estate speculation (Flodvary, Fred). This shows that if there was a central bank established, there may have been the same results since there is no proof of the Federal Reserve being the one to save the economy of the United States during that time. I must remind the audience that from the beginning when idea of the Federal Reserve came into existence it was always a big secret where everyone was left in the dark. Many secret meetings were held on Jerkyll Island where banking ideas were discussed and the plan eventually became the Federal Reserve System (Foldvary, Fred). The Federal Reserve System did not come into existence to help the Americans overcome the panic of 1907 but it was created with the interest of its creators in mind. Even when the Federal Reserve Act was passed in Congress, there were only three members present. This was because there were many persons who really knew what the future of the American economy in the hands of the Federal Reserve looked like and they had opposed it. The monetary system is not what Americans are led to believe. The creation of money has been privatized, or taken over by private money lenders and Thomas Jefferson called them â€Å"bold and bankrupt adventurers just pretending to have money† (Brown,Ellen). The banking system has been contrived by the Federal Reserve so that big banks always get bailed out by the taxpayers from their risky ventures. The deceptions of the Federal Reserve concerning the money scheme has been unraveled and a crystal clear picture is presented of the financial abyss towards which America has been led to. There is workable alternative to the Federal Reserve, one that was tested in colonial America and is grounded in the best of American economic thought, including the writings of Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln. This alternative is a federal agency owned by the government that can be subject to an audit, has a buget, accountable to someone and in a position where its operations can be truly supervised. This idea has already been thought out by America’s greatest minds. It is now that time for the American government to take those ideas in order to continue in the best interest of its people and abolish the Federal Reserve System for good! Bachman, Jess. A Visual Guide to the Federal Reserve System. (2009). Brown, Ellen. The Web of Debt: The Shocking Truth about Our Money System. Third Millennium Press, 2008. - . Who owns the Federal Reserve? The South Florida Business Journal (2008): 73-75. Conspiracies of the Federal Reserve System. Perf. Ron Paul. 2008. Court Rules Federal Reserve is Privately Owned. No. 04-2357. United States Courts of Appeal. 28 April 2005. Federal Reserve System. 2010. 20 October 2010 lt;www. britannica. comgt;. Foldvary, Fred E. The Panic of 1907. 1 May 2007. 12 October 2010 lt;www. freerepublic. com/focusgt;. Grurdmann, Don J. The Truth about the Federal Reserve- The Biggest Financial Crime in the History of the United States. (n. d. ): 1-2. Kiyosaki, Robert T. Rich Dads Conspiracy of the Rich. New York: Business Plus and CASHFLOW Technologies, Inc. , 2009. Supinski, Ron. The Federal Reserve System is a Private Bank. 8 October 1992. 15 October 2010 lt;www. the7thfire. com/Politics%20and%20History/Federal-Reserve. htmlgt;. The Structure of the Federal Reserve System. 3 July 2003. 2 November 2010 lt;www. federalreserve. govgt;.

Analysis of the asia pacific airline industry

Analysis of the asia pacific airline industry There are many industries that the world has come to heavily rely on as globalization has become more widespread. The idea of national and continental boundaries being a limitation has gradually been overtaken by the innovations of mankind over the past few decades. The inventor of the airplane; Orville Wright is quoted as saying in 1908; â€Å"No airship will ever fly from New York to Paris.  That seems to me to be impossibleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the airship will always be a special messenger, never a load-carrier† (Smithsonian Education, 2010). What he could not have imagined was that a century later his invention would be at the centre of the globalisation movement taking place and that the airplanes would be the core of an industry which directly facilitates economic growth, world trade, international investment and tourism (Doganis, 2000). The International Air Transport Association (IATA) forecasts international air travel to grow by an average of 6.6% a year to the end of t he decade and over 5% a year from 2000 to 2010 (Stanford University; 2010). These rates correlate with the levels of profitability that have been noted over the past five years as illustrated in Figure-1, showing that the level of profitability in the industry has been steadily growing over the past 5 years. Figure-1: IATA, 2010 The Asia Pacific Airline Industry The most dynamic growth is centred on the Asia Pacific region, where fast-growing trade and investment are coupled with rising domestic prosperity. Home to more than 4 billion people and driven by two of the largest dynamic economies; India and China, the Asia-Pacific region carries more than 25% of global passenger traffic annually (IATA Annual Report, 2010). According to IATA CEO Giovanni Bisignani, as of April 2010 the Asia Pacific region was deemed to be the world’s largest aviation market (IATA Annual Report 2010). High rates of economic growth in the emerging markets within the Asia Pacific have led to the rapid expansion of aviation industries serving Asia and The Pacific (Sumner et al. 1995). The Asia Pacific airline industry witnessed a boom in the 1990’s that can only be termed as remarkable especially when compared to the performance of other airline markets such as the USA and Europe (Sumner et al. 1995). The dynamic nature of this region places it as an area of economic interest and analysis. This paper will give an economic analysis which will present arguments of how the airline industry functions and the plausible economic justifications for the massive growth that has been seen in the Asia Pacific airline industry. To present a concise analysis we will focus on three major commercial airlines in the region namely; Cathay Pacific, Singapore Airlines and All Nippon Airways as well as three market leaders in the Low Cost Carriers Sector (LCCs) namely; Cebu Pacific Air, Tiger Airways and Air Asia. 2. Asia Pacific Airline Industry: A Competitive Analysis Airline services categ orized as low cost carriers or LCC’s emerged in the airline industry in the South-East Asia region following deregulation in the early 2000’s and Air Asia pioneered low cost travelling (Arifin et al. 2010). Arifin et al. (2010) further highlight that as the number of LCC’s has grown; these airlines have begun to compete with one another in addition to the full service airlines. A competitive analysis of the Asia Pacific airline industry is therefore two-fold; firstly analysis on the basis of the competition between LCC’s themselves and secondly between LCC’s and full service airlines.

Does the suppression of unions and workers groups, and collective Essay

Does the suppression of unions and workers groups, and collective action undermine democracy - Essay Example It is always clear that unions and collective action allow employees to achieve steady increase in their fields of compensation, working conditions and their economic standards. Consequently, unions also play a greater role in facilitating the levels of democracy, inclusion and participation is the general society. This result is experienced both within the place of work and widely in social and democratic activities. Therefore, these unions exert this positive influence directly through their own internal processes and functions but also indirectly through their impact on the level of inclusion, participation, and protection to the society fully (Silverman). Internal evidence proves that societies with stronger unions and collective bargaining system will always demonstrate greater levels of equality and inclusion and stronger democratic participation. Below is a brief review of the various dimensions of unions’ positive influence on the effective and quality democracy. The employees always have two major basic mechanisms for expressing that they are not satisfied with their situation in the place of work. The first concept involves the classic market mechanism of exit and entry, in this case, the individuals practice their freedom of choice to either accept a situation or reject it (Silverman). This can relate with the fact that if a consumer is not satisfied by a product or service he or she can change their respective providers, and this applies to workers who are not satisfied with the kind of job they do to reject the job and move to an offer that is more desirable. In the labor market, exit is synonymous with quitting and entry with new companies hire. Great organizations such as public agencies, governments, and large corporations can facilitate the exit entry idea by providing the possibility of transferring from one department to another instead of leaving the firm or organization completely. The second